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How to Diagnose and Treat ADHD Many people believe that ADHD is a child's condition, but it can also affect adults. Diagnosed and treated for ADHD, a person can live a better life. Interviewing the person and their family members may be a part of an evaluation for ADHD. The doctor may also look over old school records in order to determine if the symptoms started as a child. Symptoms Everyone has trouble concentrating and staying organized from time to time, but for someone who suffers from ADHD the issues can be a hindrance with work, school and home life. The person must display significant symptoms in two of these areas and have a significant impact on the way they function in their daily lives to be deemed to have ADHD. The symptoms must have been present for a minimum of six months. A doctor will inquire of the patient about their symptoms, as well as about any medical concerns and family history. They can also use rating scales that measure a adult's or a child's symptoms. These types of questionnaires are typically constructed using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). They ask about symptoms like inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. For adults, doctors might request a conversation with a significant other or people who know the patient. This is not to question the patient's honesty but to gain more insight about their behavior that can't be gained from the answers to a questionnaire. They may also ask about their childhood behavior, and look at the old school records to determine whether the signs started prior to the age of 12. Before making a diagnosis, the doctor will conduct physical examinations and tests on the lab to rule out other health conditions, such as head injuries or thyroid issues which can trigger similar symptoms. The provider will also check the patient's medication list. Doctors will consider the interaction between stimulants and medications prescribed for depression, high-blood pressure, and other ailments. how is adhd diagnosed in adults is why it's important for adults to consult their primary care physicians when they suspect they have ADHD. Diagnosis To be diagnosed with ADHD symptoms must manifest in at least two different settings (such as at home, school and at work) and affect the functioning of the individual. The symptoms must be evident before the age of 12 and must not be caused by another disorder such as anxiety or depression. A mental health professional will use various tools to assess the patient, such as ADHD symptom lists and standardized scales for assessing behaviour, and a detailed medical history. They might also talk to family members and friends to see how the person's symptoms have affected them. They'll inquire whether the symptoms are similar to those of other mental health conditions or physical ailments. The evaluators will consider whether symptoms are mild, moderate or severe. They will also examine the patient's medical and family history to determine if there are any root causes behind their condition like thyroid disorders or head injuries. In some cases the evaluator may want to conduct cognitive testing or request that the person take an imaging test in order to rule out other causes of their symptoms like learning disabilities. People suffering from these disorders typically present differently than those who don't have them. For instance, boys are more likely to show hyperactive symptoms and girls show inattention symptoms. Many people with ADHD are interested in participating in a clinical trial to try out new treatments. This is a great opportunity to further research. However, participants should be aware that the main objective of these studies is to gain scientific knowledge and not necessarily an assurance of treatment. Visit the NIMH's Clinical Trials Fact Sheet for more details about clinical trials. Treatment If you suspect they may have ADHD it is important to find a specialist trained in diagnosing the disorder. Contact your health insurance company to inquire for confirmation if ADHD specialists are covered. You can also ask family doctors or other health professionals for recommendations. Word-of mouth recommendations are also a good alternative. A doctor will inquire with the patient – or their parents in the case of children – about their issues. They may use standard questionnaires or ADHD symptom checklists, and ask for details from other people in the person's life, including spouses and family members. Personal insight can reveal more than what can be gleaned from questionnaires. An expert will also want to look over any documents that the person may have, especially old school reports. Often, the diagnosis of ADHD is based on a person's history and, to be diagnosed with the condition, symptoms must be present from the age of a child (technically prior to the age of 12). Physical examinations are also conducted. It will look for any other medical issues that could be the cause of the symptoms, for example, seizures or thyroid issues. The expert will often conduct a neurological exam, which tests for coordination and motor control. Psychological tests that measure the ability to think and be smart could be used. Additionally one could be asked to perform simple computer tasks to test attention and memory. This will help the professional determine if a person is hyperactive, inattentive, or an impulsive. The expert will then decide on a diagnosis and suggest treatment. Treatment plans usually include medication and therapy. Psychotherapy, or talk therapy can teach adults as well as children healthy coping techniques and help change negative thinking patterns. This therapy can be done by a primary care physician, or a mental health professional who has a specialization in adult ADHD. Medication Many people with ADHD get better by taking medications, however it's not the only way to treat the condition. Psychotherapy, behavioral therapy or a combination of both can be beneficial for adolescents, children and adults. These therapies help them cope and learn to live with their ADHD symptoms. Psychoeducation, or education about ADHD and how to manage it, may be included. They may involve teachers, family members, and other professionals. It is important to locate a health care provider or mental health professional who has experience treating ADHD. You can ask others with ADHD for suggestions or a mental health practitioner you trust. You can also conduct an internet search. It's best to find an expert who is familiar with your insurance plan. The health care provider will ask you or your child about symptoms and issues caused by ADHD. They will conduct a physical examination and check for any other health issues that may cause similar symptoms. They will review the medical and family history of you or your child, as well as school records and other reports. The American Psychiatric Association's (DSM-V), which is designed to diagnose children, has a more difficult to diagnose ADHD in adults. Your health care provider might interview you or your children about the symptoms and have others who spend a lot of time with them fill out questionnaires and checklists. They will use these to help them decide whether you or your child has inattentive ADHD, hyperactive-impulsive ADHD, combined ADHD or unspecified ADHD. ADHD medications include stimulants like methylphenidate, lisdexamfetamine, and atomox as well as non-stimulants like atomoxetine and certain antidepressants. They function by boosting levels of brain chemicals known as neurotransmitters. Counseling Many people suffering from ADHD also have co-occurring disorders, such as depression or anxiety. The treatment should therefore include therapy that addresses these issues. Some patients can benefit from cognitive behavior therapy, which teaches skills like managing time and tasks and emotional self-regulation. Therapists can also help patients learn to manage their symptoms through lifestyle changes. Regular exercise can reduce hyperactivity and improve concentration. A healthier diet is also important; people with ADHD tend to consume higher levels of sugar and fat and consume less vegetables and fruits than other people. Making family and social relationships a priority can reduce stress and make individuals feel more in charge of their lives. A diagnosis of ADHD can aid adults and children to comprehend their difficulties. A child with ADHD might have difficulty communicating their needs to teachers or other peers. Once a teacher realizes that this isn't a personal issue or because of their inability to communicate, they can make adjustments. A professional who conducts an ADHD evaluation will ask questions that are geared towards the age of the person, talk to teachers and relatives, review medical records, and determine if there are any comorbid conditions. For adults, records from school could help determine if the ADHD symptoms started before the age of adulthood. The specialist will also check for any vision or hearing problems. They may also perform an examination of the blood to test for certain hormones, and other health conditions which can cause symptoms and signs of ADHD.